Medicaid eligibility and enrollment in Iowa

To apply for Medicaid:

• Create an account and apply online for Medicaid via the Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS) portal. You can also apply through HealthCare.gov
• Print a Medicaid application in English or Spanish. Mail your completed application to Imaging Center 4; PO Box 2027; Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52406.
• Get help with your Iowa Medicaid application by calling 1-855-889-7985.

Many Medicare beneficiaries receive help from Medicaid with Medicare premiums, prescription drug expenses, and costs that aren’t covered by Medicare — such as long-term care.

Our guide to financial resources for Medicare enrollees in Iowa includes overviews of those programs, including Medicare Savings Programs, long-term care benefits, and income guidelines for assistance.

As is the case nationwide, enrollment in Medicaid in Iowa trended upward throughout the COVID pandemic. From March 2020 through March 2023, Medicaid disenrollments were paused nationwide, in response to the pandemic. This ended on March 31, 2023, however, and states resumed Medicaid disenrollments after that.

States have 12 months to initiate eligibility redeterminations for all Medicaid members, and 14 months to complete the process. This timeframe is referred to as “unwinding” of the pandemic-era continuous coverage requirements. Iowa’s Department of Health and Human Services has a comprehensive page devoted to the unwinding, as well as a resource library and an interactive unwinding dashboard. The state also hosted a webinar devoted to explaining how the unwinding process would work in Iowa.

Iowa opted to begin the unwinding process in February 2023, starting with passive/automatic renewals when possible. The first round of disenrollments in Iowa came at the end of April 2023.

By March 2024, Iowa had disenrolled 242,967 people from Medicaid.³

People who are disenrolled from Medicaid can transition to an employer’s plan (if available) or to a Marketplace plan (HealthCare.gov). By December 2023, 28,596 Iowa residents who previously had Medicaid had enrolled in a Marketplace plan.⁷

Iowa prioritized eligibility redeterminations for people who hadn’t had a successful renewal within the past 12 months, so some people saw their normal renewal date change (many members did have their coverage renewed during the pandemic, either passively or actively, even though that wasn’t necessary to maintain coverage during the pandemic).

People whose coverage can’t be automatically renewed (based on information in the state’s data systems) receive a renewal packet in the mail. If people don’t respond to these packets, or if they do respond and it’s confirmed that they’re no longer eligible, their coverage is terminated.

As of March 2024, 72% of the people disenrolled from Iowa Medicaid had been disenrolled for procedural reasons, meaning that the state didn’t have enough information to determine whether they were still eligible or not (nationwide, procedural disenrollments accounted for 70% of all disenrollments at that point).⁸

Nearly half (46%) of the Iowa enrollees whose coverage has been renewed were renewed automatically (ex parte) meaning they didn’t have to complete a renewal packet. Nationwide, 60% of those whose coverage has been renewed were renewed via the ex parte process.⁸

No. Lawmakers in Iowa considered a Medicaid work requirement during the 2020 legislative session (SF2366), and although it passed in the Iowa Senate, it did not advance in the House. Under the Trump administration, 1115 waivers to implement work requirements were approved for several states. But the pandemic-related ban on disenrollments temporarily ended any enforcement of Medicaid work requirements and all of the approvals were ultimately revoked by the Biden administration.

The federal government laid out very specific parameters for Medicaid expansion under the ACA. But states have the option of seeking a waiver from CMS in order to implement unique approaches to Medicaid expansion, and still receive federal funding to do so.

In December 2013, Iowa received a waiver for its alternative to the ACA’s Medicaid expansion. Under a program called the Iowa Health and Wellness Plan (IHAWP), very low-income residents (household income at or below the poverty level) would be enrolled in a state-run health plan (Iowa Wellness Plan, or IWP) and, in some cases, be required to pay modest premiums. Other residents with slightly higher incomes (101% to 138% of the federal poverty level) would purchase insurance through the marketplace via a program called the Iowa Marketplace Choice Plan (MPC), with premiums paid by the federal government.

The federal government approved two waiver amendments in December 2014. One allowed Iowa to continue not providing non-emergency transportation. The other allowed Iowa to continue charging a monthly premium for beneficiaries with income under 138% FPL. Beneficiaries could reduce or eliminate the premium if they completed a wellness exam and health risk assessment.

The Iowa Health and Wellness Plan launched Jan. 1, 2014, and about 120,000 people were enrolled as of late December 2014 (50% more than the 81,000 people the state had projected). But problems began to crop up early on.

Only Coventry and CoOpportunity Health (an ACA-created CO-OP) participated in the privatized Medicaid program (MPC) in Iowa, and CoOpportunity was liquidated by state regulators at the beginning of 2015. Around the same time, Coventry told state regulators that it was experiencing financial hardships as a result of covering MPC members, and was considering dropping out of the program.  By June 2015, just 6,937 IHAWP members were enrolled in Coventry plans; the remaining 127,016 were covered by IWP, including more than 33,500 people who would have otherwise been eligible for a private plan under MPC — there were simply no private carriers available to provide coverage.

In July 2015, Iowa officials announced that they were abandoning their Medicaid demonstration waiver, and would instead implement Medicaid expansion as called for in the ACA, but with a Medicaid Modernization managed care waiver instead, switching Iowa Medicaid enrollees to a Medicaid managed care system (39 states and DC  already had Medicaid managed care programs).

Eligibility for coverage under Iowa’s Medicaid expansion was unchanged in the transition; Medicaid coverage continued to be available to Iowa residents with household incomes up to 138% of the poverty level. But enrollees with incomes between 101% and 138% of the poverty level were no longer enrolled in private exchange plans as of 2016. Instead, they are enrolled in a private Medicaid managed care program, just like the rest of the Medicaid population in Iowa.

560,000 Iowa Medicaid beneficiaries were scheduled to transition to the Medicaid managed care system (Iowa Health Link) as of January 1, 2016. The Medicaid enrollees were supposed to select a managed care program by mid-December, but many enrollees were having trouble determining which managed care programs included their doctors and hospitals. As a result, the federal government delayed Iowa’s switch to Medicaid managed care until March 1, 2016. The federal government ultimately gave the go-ahead for the switch on February 23, but added an extra month to allow enrollees, MCO carriers, and providers time to make the change. The Medicaid managed care system in Iowa took effect April 1, 2016.

In August 2015, Iowa officials announced that Medicaid managed care contracts would be awarded to four private carriers in 2016: AmeriHealth Caritas, Anthem (Amerigroup), UnitedHealthcare, and WellCare. Seven other carriers bid on the contracts but were not selected. But in December, WellCare lost their contract “due to issues in the bidding process,” and the number of participating managed care providers dropped to three. People who had already enrolled in WellCare’s program were transitioned to one of the other three managed care programs.

In January 2016, questions arose about the business practices of AmeriHealth and UnitedHealthcare in Medicaid managed care programs in other states, including neighboring Kansas. The carriers had allegedly been denying claims for Medicaid patients in an effort to curtail costs, and had to pay tens of thousands of dollars in settlements with the states involved. However, the carriers’ contracts for Iowa’s Medicaid managed care program remained on-track, and AmeriHealth Caritas Iowa, Amerigroup, and UnitedHealthcare were all participating in the MCO program when it launched.

Iowa opted to switch the entire Medicaid program to managed care, intending to make the switch as of January 1, 2016. The federal government determined in December 2015 that Iowa needed additional time to make the transition to Medicaid managed care, and the new system, dubbed Iowa Health Link, took effect April 1, 2016. Patients and providers reported a fairly rocky switch to the privatized Medicaid system.

Democrats in the Iowa Senate tried to halt the switch to managed care, and passed Senate File 2125 in February 2016, which would have terminated the managed care contracts and instructed the existing Medicaid fee-for-service program to focus on improving patient outcomes and access to care, and increasing efficiency (the bill did not advance further, however).

There were initially three insurers offering Medicaid managed care through Iowa Health Link: Amerigroup, AmeriHealth Caritas, and UnitedHealthcare. But Iowa and AmeriHealth Caritas were unable to agree on the terms of a contract renewal in late 2017, and AmeriHealth Caritas withdrew from Iowa Health Link at the end of November, 2017, when their contract ended. And around the same time, Amerigroup informed the state that they did not have the capacity to accept new members.

So 200,000 AmeriHealth Caritas members were transitioned to UnitedHealthcare, which was the only Iowa Health Link insurer accepting new Medicaid enrollees. There were another 10,000 AmeriHealth Caritas members who had selected AmeriGroup as their new Medicaid managed care plan before Amerigroup closed new enrollments, and the state transitioned those individuals temporarily to Medicaid fee for service (ie, not managed care).

The state continued to work with Amerigroup to solve the capacity issue, and by early 2018, Amerigroup had opened up its program to new Iowa Medicaid enrollees once again. The people who had selected Amerigroup in the fall of 2017 and had instead been enrolled in fee-for-service Medicaid were covered under Amerigroup as of March 1, 2018. And new Iowa Health Link members whose coverage started May 1, 2018 or later were able to select from UnitedHealthcare or Amerigroup.

But UnitedHealthcare exited the program in mid-2019 and was replaced by Iowa Total Care. As of 2020, Iowa Medicaid enrollees could choose a plan from Amerigroup Iowa or Iowa Total Care, although the state withheld funding from Iowa Total Care in early 2020 due to incorrect payments and faulty record-keeping.

By 2022, new contracts had been awarded for Iowa’s Medicaid managed care program, with three carriers that began participating in the program as of July 2023: Centene/Iowa Total Care (existing contract runs through 2025), Molina (new contract), and Elevance/Amerigroup Iowa (new contract). The state worked to ensure that problems that occurred during previous managed care transitions were not repeated.

Iowa implemented its Medicaid program in July 1967. Iowa Medicaid Enterprise (IME), a division of the Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS), is the name of the entity that administers the state’s Medicaid program.

Total enrollment in Iowa’s Medicaid program was 697,036 as of December 2023.¹

Enrollment has increased by about 41% since the first ACA open enrollment period began in the fall of 2013, although it was quite a bit higher during the pandemic, before disenrollments resumed in the spring of 2023.